Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia. Belarus Ukraine. Follow Us. Previous Next. Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Or Montenegrin? Or Just 'Our Language'? February 21, GMT. By Ljudmila Cvetkovic Goran Vezic. As it was situated between the super-powers of the Habsburg and Ottoman empires before World War I, and between the capitalist west and communist east as part of the Non-Aligned Movement for most of the 20 th century, the territory came to symbolize a bridge or crossroads between civilizations.
The Department offers two full years of BCS followed by tutorials depending on student interest. The last consonant in the cluster determines whether the entire cluster is voiced or voiceless. This rule does not apply to nasals , laterals , or rhotics. Croatian has a pitch stress.
Monosyllabic words always have a falling tone. Words with two or more syllables may also have a falling tone, but with the exception of foreign borrowings and interjections only on the first syllable.
However, they may instead have a rising tone, on any syllable but the last. The final syllable is never stressed. Some loanwords may not have a standard placement of stress.
Croatian nouns are marked for gender, number, and case. The three are fused into one ending, as is the case in all Slavic languages. Croatian verbs agree with their subjects in person and number in the non-past, and in gender and number in the past. They are marked for the following categories:. The neutral word order in Croatian is Subject-Verb-Object.
However, other orders are possible since inflectional endings take care of clearly marking grammatical relations and roles in the sentence. Word order is principally determined by topic what the sentence is about, or old information and focus new information.
Constituents with old information precede constituents with new information, or those that carry the most emphasis. The differences between Croatian on the one hand and Serbian and Bosnian on the other, are mostly lexical, even though the bulk of the vocabulary comes from a common Slavic stock.
Croatian has preserved more native Slavic words, while Serbian, and to some extent Bosnian, have borrowed more from Russian and Western European languages. For instance, hile Serbian and Bosnian borrowed the names from Western European languages, Croatian uses inherently Slavic words, e. The original alphabet used by both the Serbs and Croats was Glagolitic.
It was created by the monks Cyril and Methodius in the 9th century for Old Church Slavonic, the liturgical language of the time. In the Orthodox areas of Serbia and Bosnia, Glagolitic was replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet in the 12th century. The Cyrillic alphabet along with the Latin alphabet, which was adopted in Catholic areas was reformed by linguists in the 19th century to create a greater one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters as well as between the symbols in the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets.
The two alphabets map quite well onto each other. Toggle navigation. Labio- dental. Post- alveolar. Alveo- palatal. Listen » Common phrases in Croatian. Language Difficulty. How difficult is it to learn Croatian? Croatian is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
Languages A-Z. When Yugoslavia collapsed in the beginning of s, it was not just a country that was torn apart: the Serbo-Croatian language also called Croato-Serbian, Serbian or Croatian, Croatian or Serbian also disintegrated.
At the present, there are four standard language-successors of Serbo-Croatian: Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin. With the most recent official proclamation of the Montenegrin language, the equation between national states and national standard language was established in the societies of the former Yugoslavia. The situation is further complicated by the fact that not all members of the given ethnic group use the same variety of language that used to be called Serbo-Croatian.
In addition, there are no differences in the language of members of different ethnic or religious groups who live in the same area: Serbs from Croatia speak the same way as their Croatian neighbours do. Likewise, in the pre-war Bosnia there was no difference in the language spoken by Serbs, Croats, or Muslims. Linguist Ranko Bugarski wrote about the linguistic situation in pre-war multiethnic Sarajevo: "Naturally, there were individual differences in vocabulary range.
Style of expression and level of language culture related to education, social status, profession, etc.
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