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Recurrent breast cancer occurs when cells that were part of your original breast cancer break away from the original tumor and hide nearby in the breast or in another part of your body. Later, these cells begin growing again. The chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy or other treatment you may have received after your first breast cancer diagnosis was intended to kill any cancer cells that may have remained after surgery.
But sometimes these treatments aren't able to kill all of the cancer cells. Sometimes cancer cells may be dormant for years without causing harm.
Then something happens that activates the cells, so they grow and spread to other parts of the body. It's not clear why this occurs. Positive or close tumor margins.
During breast cancer surgery, the surgeon tries to remove the cancer along with a small amount of the normal tissue that surrounds it. A pathologist examines the edges of the tissue to look for cancer cells.
If the borders are free of cancer when examined under a microscope, that's considered a negative margin. If any part of the border has cancer cells positive margin , or the margin between the tumor and normal tissue is close, the risk of breast cancer recurrence is increased.
Distant recurrence: Also called metastatic breast cancer , this occurs when cancer cells travel away from the original tumor in the breast to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.
Common metastatic areas include the bones, liver and lungs. Even when a metastatic breast tumor spreads to a different part of the body, it contains the same cancerous cells that developed in the breast. The signs of cancer recurrence depend on where the cancer resurfaces. You might not see or feel any signs of a local recurrence, and, if you do, it will probably be a slight change in or around your breast or underarm area.
More often than not, your provider might find evidence of a local recurrence during a physical exam or mammogram.
In general, the more time that goes by, the lower the risk of recurrence. Recurrence after that five year mark—rare, but possible—is called late recurrence. These factors might be linked to a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence:.
Certain characteristics of your original cancer also might mean a higher risk of recurrence, such as:. Research is mixed on whether or not drinking alcohol increases your risk of breast cancer recurrence—some studies have found there is a link and others have not.
Regardless, avoiding excessive drinking is a good idea for your general health. Eat a balanced diet. Reach for a colorful mix of fruits and vegetables, good sources of fiber like beans and peas, and whole grains like whole wheat bread and brown rice every day. Avoid or limit drinks that are high in sugar and red or processed meat like beef, pork, hot dogs and sausages.
What is recurrence? Types of recurrence 3. Symptoms of recurrence 4. Diagnosis 5. Treatment for recurrence 6. Recurrence and prognosis. There are several different types of breast cancer recurrence, depending on where in the body the cancer has returned.
Recurrence means the same breast cancer has come back. It is not a new breast cancer, although people who have had breast cancer also have a slightly higher risk of developing a new primary breast cancer.
Sometimes breast cancer is locally advanced when it is first diagnosed. People who have locally advanced breast cancer are thought to have an increased risk of cancer cells spreading to other areas of the body, compared to those with stage 1 or 2 breast cancers. Find out more about breast cancer stages. Sometimes breast cancer cells can spread from the primary cancer in the breast to other parts of the body. This is called secondary or metastatic breast cancer.
Find out about the symptoms of breast cancer recurrence , including tips on coping with worries about your cancer returning. Sometimes a breast cancer recurrence may be found during a mammogram or scan before it causes any symptoms. Diagnosing a local or regional recurrence usually involves similar tests to those used to diagnose primary breast cancer. You will usually have a breast or chest examination to assess any symptoms followed by one or more of the following tests :.
If you are diagnosed with a local or regional recurrence, your doctors may use tests to check if there is cancer in any other parts of your body before starting treatment. Diagnosing secondary breast cancer involves different tests depending on what symptoms you have and where they are in the body.
Find out more about tests for secondary breast cancer. Treatment for local recurrence will depend on a number of factors, including what treatments you have previously had. If you had breast-conserving surgery also known as wide local excision or lumpectomy then you will usually be offered a mastectomy.
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